From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay

The examination between Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Hamlet as far as how suggested, or dormant components and subjects in one were transmitted and created in the other can prompt revealing the changes Shakespeare was conceiving with the composition of Hamlet. In the Introduction to the 1987 Oxford University Press version of Hamlet, G. R. Hibbard expressed that â€Å"Hamlet was composed after, however not long after, Julius Caesar, which can be dated with surprising precision as having been form in the pre-fall of 1599† (4). From the contentions that Hibbard provides for help his contention (that there are two implications in the content of Hamlet to Julius Caesar) we can see the solid associations between the two plays. As it were, both Julius Caesar and Hamlet speak to edges in the advancement of Shakespeare’s emotional workmanship.  However, Hamlet moves in an alternate direction.â If Julius Caesar is set in a far off past and can just indication to the humanist topics in Shakespeare’s world, Hamlet moves the tone of Shakespeare’s plays to an increasingly private and Elizabethan focal point of intrigue. This paper contends that the topics and themes that were just proposed or indicated to or inferred in Julius Caesar and which were extravagantly evolved in Hamletâ are critical in deciding the particularity of Shakespeare’s later authentic catastrophes. The investigation of gadgets, themes and topics in the two plays will show this contention. The gadget of foregrounding is utilized in Julius Caesar in the primary go about as a notice sign to Caesar from the Soothsayer. It is a reasonable and obvious sign of Julius Caesar’s demise, particularly given the drama’s recorded establishing. This gadget is utilized in this play just to trigger the contention †the passing of Caesar will produce the genuine show. Due to its absence of uncertainty and its restricted emotional range, the hinting in Julius Caesar doesn't have a similar effect as it does in Hamlet. In Hamlet, the gadget of hinting turns into a trigger for the play’s goals and furthermore speaks to the sensational subtext which drives the entire chain of occasions towards the appalling end.  In Act 1 Scene 1, we witness the specter of the phantom of Hamlet’s father. This scene is set apart by the utilization of extraordinary symbolism and inferences. Horatio gives the conclusive contention in distinguishing the apparition with tthe killed ruler. The phantom figure is obviously utilized in this first go about as a methods for  foreshadow ing the contention of the story as well as its goals: â€Å"This bodes some peculiar ejection to our state† (The Tragedy of Hamlet 148). The picture of Fortinbras is another unfavorable theme by which Shakespear insinuates the later advancements in the play. Besides, the peruser is given a primer clarification of the Medieval code of respect, by which the king’s child needs to vindicate his father’s demise. The narrative of Fortinbras and his dad matches and persuades the intricate connection among Hamlet and his own dad. Obligation is introduced as an essential inspiration, which decides the hero’s activities and even cognizance. Another component which is just recommended in Julius Caesar is the characters’ inner conflict †no character is basically â€Å"evil† or â€Å"bad†. Brutus, before choosing to join the plotters, denounces this demonstration: They are the group. O intrigue Shamest thou to show thy perilous temple around evening time, When indecencies are generally free? O, at that point by day Where shrivel thou discover a natural hollow dim enough/To cover thy enormous look? Look for none, conspiracy;† (Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scene 1). Brutus is accordingly appeared to have an ethical inner voice, a still, small voice significantly and lethally restricting his activities. The Catch 22 of a respectable man’s fiendish activities may discover its clarification through an examination of Hamlet’s monologue toward the finish of the principal demonstration. Hamlet’s monologue and debasement in the forward scene focuses to a particular picture thought Shakespeare had about the human brain and conduct: apparently the seeds of shrewdness can be imbued in the most honorable of spirits or, on the other hand, that decency can be the host of abhorrence. This element is introduced in fatalistic and deterministic terms and turns into another inspiration for the awful goals: In this way, oft it risks specifically men That for some horrible mole of nature in them As, in their introduction to the world †wherein they are not blameworthy [†¦] Oft separating the pales and strongholds of reason Or on the other hand by some propensity that an excess of o’er-raises [†¦] Will in the general blame take defilement From that specific flaw (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 181) The chain of occasions prompting the lethal closure is in this way connected to the decree of â€Å"blind fate†. By foregrounding the inner conflict of human instinct, Shakespeare gives a progressively mind boggling viewpoint on his characters’ persuasive hotels and rises above the restrictions of a totally â€Å"good† or a totally â€Å"evil† model. In another scene, the King admits to his having killed Hamlet’s father. He is introduced as having aches of blame †â€Å"May one be acquitted and hold th’offence?† (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 273): O, my offense is rank, it scents to paradise. It has the base oldest revile upon’t †A brother’s murder. Ask can I not. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 272). Cluadius’ questions show the character in another, acculturating light, which dispenses with the picture of the generalized lowlife. A significant number of the components that are just idle, or suggested, in Julius Caesar, are to be completely found in Hamlet’s speeches. The theme of Brutus’ self destruction, for example, which isn't completely evolved in the play, gets one of the subjects of appearance in Hamlet’s discourses. Hamlet’s contemplations on self destruction, then again, expand much on this topic. There are a few acceptions which are examined in the protagonist’s speeches and they are declaration to Shakespeare’s knowledge of the human psyche: For who might bear the whips and despises of time, [†¦] To snort and sweat under a tired life, Be that as it may, that the fear of something in the afterlife, The unfamiliar nation, from whose bourn No voyager returns, astounds the will. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240-241) In addition, in another entry, Hamlet gives another understanding of his own hesitance to end it all, which is introduced considering the protagonist’s dread of God and societal position: The oppressor’s wrong, the glad man’s contumely, The aches of disprized love, the law’s delay, The disrespect of office, and the scorns That patient value of the shameful takes,† (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240). Firmly connected to this topic, there is the idea of the vanity of presence which is just suggested in Julius Caesar through the foregrounding of the emperors’ rise and fall and in the equals attracted this regard among Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Brutus. Notwithstanding, this topic isn't completely problematized in the play †most likely on the grounds that it doesn't come in concurrence with the verifiable and philosophical collection of Ancient Rome. In Hamlet, be that as it may, this subject gets dominating and one of the character’s advantaged objects of reflection. The â€Å"What is a man† talk clues to the vanitas vanitatum of Renaissance and humanist way of thinking of the finitude of man and of a definitive unimportance of every single natural belonging. Besides, Hamlet’s speech joins another of the humanist concerns, which was that of the perfectibility of man’s soul and fate through undeniable language and thought: What is a man On the off chance that his central great and market of his time Be however to rest and feed? A monster, no more (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 298).  To finish up, this paper has represented the manners by which topics and themes which were idle in Julius Caesar are given conspicuousness in Hamlet, particularly through the protagonist’s discourses. As it were, it is the very move from the transcendence of the expressive discourse and its dialogic character in Julius Caesar to the supremacy of the talk and its monological quality in Hamlet that gives the way to understanding the purposes for the enhancement of gadgets and topics from one play to the next. With Hamlet, Shakespeare’s recorded disasters become increasingly cozy and, simultaneously, more transparently philosophical and widespread.

The Cave and the Matrix Essay -- Plato Republic Matrix Movie Philosoph

The Cave and the Matrix Film pundits and logicians the same concur that the film â€Å"The Matrix† is without a doubt dependent on certain Platonic subjects from Book VII of The Republic. In this story entitled The Allegory of the Cave, he depicts a dim underground cavern where a gathering of individuals are sitting in one long column with their backs to the cavern's passage. Affixed to their seats since the beginning, all the people can see is the far off cavern divider in from of them. The shadows of sculptures held by concealed ‘puppet handlers’ think about the dividers from the light of a fire that is additionally far out of those in the cavern. The topic of the moral story is that their existence is a poor duplicate of this present reality. As per Plato, our reality is only shadows, defective appearances of the structures. Like the detainees of the cavern, the people caught in the network (the cavern) just observe what the machines (the cutting edge manikin handlers) need them to se e. They are fooled into accepting that what they hear in the cavern and see before them is the genuine reality that exists. Moreover, they acknowledge what their faculties are letting them know and they accept that what they are encountering is all that truly exists- - that's it. The film not just consolidates these equivalent thoughts, the story line of the film matches that of the moral story. The most significant character is who Plato calls the â€Å"Philosopher† or the â€Å"Intellectual.† In the moral story, Plato guesses that one of the detainees in the long run be rel... The Cave and the Matrix Essay - Plato Republic Matrix Movie Philosoph The Cave and the Matrix Film pundits and scholars the same concur that the film â€Å"The Matrix† is undoubtedly founded on certain Platonic topics from Book VII of The Republic. In this story entitled The Allegory of the Cave, he depicts a dull underground cavern where a gathering of individuals are sitting in one long line with their backs to the cavern's passageway. Affixed to their seats since the beginning, all the people can see is the far off cavern divider in from of them. The shadows of sculptures held by concealed ‘puppet handlers’ consider the dividers from the light of a fire that is likewise far out of those in the cavern. The topic of the purposeful anecdote is that their existence is a poor duplicate of this present reality. As indicated by Plato, our reality is only shadows, flawed appearances of the structures. Like the detainees of the cavern, the people caught in the framework (the cavern) just observe what the machines (the cutting edge manikin handlers) need them to see. They are fooled into accepting that what they hear in the cavern and see before them is the genuine reality that exists. Besides, they acknowledge what their faculties are letting them know and they accept that what they are encountering is all that truly exists- - that's it. The film not just joins these equivalent thoughts, the story line of the film matches that of the moral story. The most significant character is who Plato calls the â€Å"Philosopher† or the â€Å"Intellectual.† In the purposeful anecdote, Plato theorizes that one of the detainees in the end be rel...

The Inciting Incident Get Your Story Started the Right Way

The Inciting Incident Get Your Story Started the Right Way The inciting incident has been addressed numerous times in literary blogs and writing advice forumsâ€"to most of us in the field, the concept of the heros journey and the steps along that journey are old, and oft-repeated news. Today, well call into question some of the dubious advice offered regarding the concept of an inciting incident, and Ill put forward my idea of what the myths are regarding this element of your novel, and how you can build a better inciting incident.Not a hookFirst: your inciting incident is not your hook. There are a thousand blogs which group these two together, and that is a disservice to their readers. Though most good narrativesâ€"even slow onesâ€"have a strong hook, the inciting incident is not used to draw your reader into the novel. The inciting incident is the moment when your reader decides not to put down the novel, near the latter stages of your initial plot developments. A primary example of both a powerful hook and a strong inciting incident, can be found in the hobbit. The hook, for The Hobbit, is Tolkiens wonderful description of a hobbit hole:In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.J. R. R. Tolkiens The HobbitThis is a hook for two reasons. It opens the novel, and it draws the reader in. It causes us to ask questions almost immediatelyâ€"and for these questions, we do not have ready answers. What is a hobbit? Why do they live in holes? Why do they value comfort? These are the things first-time readers of Tolkien might ask themselves. The same can be said of perhaps the most memorable hook of all time: Herman Melvilles Call me Ishmael from Moby Dick. Here we might ask the questions: Who is Ishmael? Is this his proper name, or only the name he goes by? If this is not his real name, then how can I trust that he will be a n honest narrator?Gregory Peck as Captain Ahab in the 1956 film adaptation of Moby DickThese are powerful hooks because they establish some of the fundamental traits of the world, and they make a reader want to turn that first page. For instance, Tolkien establishes that hobbits live tranquil, idyllic lives, comfortable lives. We know this by the end of the very first paragraph of the first page. This establishes the status quo, but it does not incite. It establishes the world wherein the story takes place but does not tell us why the story should happen.Inciting incidents disrupt the normThe inciting incident in The Hobbit is the coming of Gandalf and the thiefs mark which he etches on Bilbos door. This triggers a number of sudden changes in Bilbos life. It introduces him to dwarfs, who immediately disrupt his organized and meticulous home. It pushes him into becoming a recruit on a quest which he had previously known nothing of, and it elevates his statusâ€"he is given the title o f thief. These changes are particular to the story of The Hobbit but their nature is not. No matter the novel, the inciting incident represents the primary action which changes the protagonists life significantly enough that an interesting story can be told.It is hard (perhaps impossible) to think of a story that does not have an inciting incident. Take for instance the elevator pitch for Fight Club: A blue-collar worker becomes disillusioned with capitalist society and starts a pseudo-anarchist community. The inciting incident is when he becomes disillusioned with capitalist society. It would be impossible to tell the story without this elementâ€"the inciting incident is a prerequisite to what comes after. This is why an inciting incident can sometimes be called a turning point. The same is true of every narrative that I can think of: I challenge you to name a narrative without an inciting incident.The incident exists because stories necessitate changeIn response to the above chall enge, we might turn to narratives that begin with much of the story already toldâ€"narratives that plunge their readers head-first into the action, without explaining the particulars of the narrative before-hand. These have become typical in the modern literary landscape, so much so that slower-building narratives like those offered in Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer have become the exception to the rule.An action-packed opening scene is not necessarily an inciting incidentStill, these action scenes in the opening of novels are not inciting incidents. They plunge us directly into the firefight, but in so doing, they establish this action-packed scene as the norm. Thus, there will exist a pause in the fighting, or an alteration in (or intensifying of) the action of the first scenes, which marks a departure from this norm, and is thus the inciting incident of that novel. By definition, inciting incidents must exist because stories necessitate change, and the inciting incident is whate ver happens in the novel which creates this change. So, why is discussion important, if writing a novel will inevitably result in the presence of an inciting incident?The good, the bad, and the uglyThough no story can function without an inciting incident, all stories benefit from addressing that incident directly and refining it so that the nature of the incident and its effects are clear to the reader. These give the narrative a strong direction. Just because every story has an inciting incident, doesnt mean all inciting incidents are created equal. So, what can we look for in a good inciting incident? I believe there are two major attributes: the relationship between the incident and the reader, and the ability of the incident to carry the plot forward.The incident should be the plots backboneA good inciting incident should fuel your plot. Some incidents provide more oil for the fire than others. For instance, compare the incident of a paper plane being thrown in class versus a f atal car crash. Each could produce a narrative. In a quiet school, either could disrupt the status quo: The first by causing a disturbance to a sedate class, and the second by creating an atmosphere of mourning in the school. Though neither is objectively better than the other (we can tell a good story with both), the fatal car crash is, in most cases, subjectively more impactful.A good inciting incident is one that fuels your plotFor this reason, consideration of your inciting incident can be grouped with consideration of your plot. If we choose a tragic inciting incident, then the resulting narrative will be working against the tone established by that incident. A comedy, for instance, will have an uphill struggle against the inciting incident of a fatal car crash, whereas a horror or tragedy will be complemented by the incident. Of course, this is an oversimplification, and contrast or attention to the incident could paint it in a drastically different light. For instance, the ca r crash could be darkly humorous in a story about a student coming to class as a zombie. In any case, the incident should fuel the plot and give the writer room to tell a story, and it should shift the tone of the story noticeably.The incident should be closely tied to the narrativeFinally, in good literature, all elements of a narrative support the themes of that narrative. If it is at all possible, the same should hold true of an inciting incident. Though you could theoretically use any moment as your inciting incident, there is more power in using thematically linked elements. For instance: If your narrative will address the issue of poverty, then the loss or inheritance of a great deal of money could serve as a strong turning point. By contrast, if you intend your narrative to address the issue of poverty, then a fatal car accident is less likely to accomplish this goal, and will usually not accomplish this goal as authentically. The reverse, of course, might be true of a story where the central theme is coping with personal tragedy, where a fatal car accident might motivate a character towards introspection.Dread it, run from it, it still IncitesThere is perhaps some form of experimental fiction wherein an inciting incident is not of primary importance in a narrativeâ€"where it is obscured, or possibly even where it is absent. Still, for most fictional narratives the inciting incident is worth time and attention to detail. It is inevitableâ€"your narrative must contain some form of conflict, and the inciting incident provides this conflict by disrupting the status quo. Embrace the chaos this causes. Rather than a subtle inciting incident, consider a cataclysmic event that drives characters to their extremes.Finally, remember that an inciting incident causes change and disrupts the status quo, but that this new reality can become a new status quo, and the secondary arc of your novel may require a new inciting incident to stay fresh. If the first inciting i ncident was the rise of the dead, then perhaps a new inciting incident is necessary to disrupt the status quo and create new tension or lead toward new characterization. If you feel your work is dragging like AMCs The Walking Dead (pun intended), then consider introducing a new inciting event and following through with a new story arc.

Teachers And Their Personal Values - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 354 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Student Essay Teacher Essay Did you like this example? BBA4751 Business Ethics Unit I Question 11 Question: Teachers should not impose their personal values on students and should remain value neutral. If you were the instructor for an ethics course outline three distinct strategies you would practice in order to ensure you remain neutral. Answer: Whether teaching an ethics course or any course for that matter, there are three distinct strategies you can practice in order to remain neutral. These strategies are â€Å"ethical judgment, ethical deliberation, ethical decision making. (Hartman DesJardins, 2008) The basis of this is the rational decision making which is â€Å"a process that involved careful thought and deliberation, can and will result in behavior that is both more reasonable and more ethical. Ethical judgment, ethical deliberation, and ethical reasoning are distinct ideas important to business ethics. Ethical judgment refers to the support of ethical business practice and to not tolerate the unethical one. Ethical deliberation refers to a value, belief, or attitude about ethical and moral issues in general. Ethical decision making is the process for which one should think ethically to make the appropriate decisions. If as a teacher you practice these three strategies you should not go wrong in a teaching method that practices good ethics: support ethics, value ethics, decide with ethical standards I cannot claim to know what teachers believe, however our text book (Hartman DesJardins, 2008) says that only a handful of teachers believe their job is to tell the students the correct answers and state publicly how a student should think and live their lives. This will only lead to a student behaving in the same manner as the teacher and not in a true ethical situation since they were not allowed to fully understand what the ethics process entails. Students need to think for themselves and in order for them to do that effectively they need to understand the basics of ethical behavior in or der to behave ethically. If the answers are provided for them, than the students do not learn the true meaning of ethics. Hartman, L. P. , DesJardins, J. (2008). Business Ethics: Decision-Making for Personal Integrity Social Responsibility. Boston: McGraw Hill. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teachers And Their Personal Values" essay for you Create order

Racial Discrimination In The Merchant Of Venice - 1496 Words

Everything is not as it seems. In other words, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover.† This message is applicable to racial discrimination and stereotypes. For example, from the 1200s to the 1600s, Europeans discriminated against Jews extensively. This was most prominent in Venice and England. Jews were forced to live on an island called the Ghetto in Venice and were cruelly oppressed throughout history in the Italian city.. In the 1200s, Jews were banned from England. Finally, they started to come back in the 1600s but had limitations because they were known for their high intelligence compared to the English, as well as in Venice. In Venice they were only allowed to be usurers, or loaners that demand high rates of interest, which is something†¦show more content†¦Whoever chooses the right one may wed Portia. The Prince of Morocco chooses the gold casket because â€Å"never so rich a gem was set in worse than gold.†(2.7.60-61) He says that no one is mor e beautiful than Portia and compares her to gold. Based on that comparison, he chooses the gold casket.. However, when he opens the casket he reads that â€Å"All that glitters isn’t gold...had you been wise as bold, young in limbs, in judgement old.†(2.7.73-79) These quotes show that the casket story directly supports the message (one must not judge by the cover to have pure judgement) and supports the motive that Shakespeare has in mind for this play. Also, Bassanio is one of the protagonists of the play, and he tries to wed Portia. He chooses the lead casket because it had an inner beauty, though the outside was ugly. Obviously, the lead casket is the right one and the casket inside has a message that says â€Å"You that choose not by the view chance as fair and choose as true.†(3.2.135-136) This further shows that Shakespeare wants the audience to learn to not judge by appearance, and to be humble because one who judges thinks highly of themselves. Thus, thi s play is not Anti-Semitic because all the characters act abusively towards Shylock just because he is a Jew. They judge him by the outside and do not look at the inner qualities of Shylock. Also, if Shakespeare used this theme as his main motive then he is trying to indirectly demote Anti-Semitism. IfShow MoreRelatedChristian Prejudice and Racial Discrimination of Marginalized in the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare3691 Words   |  15 PagesIn Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, there are quite a few cases in which the non-Christian characters are marginalized and victimized of Christian prejudice and absolute racism. The Christian prejudice and racial discrimination transpires through the use of language and terms of reference. In sixteenth-century Europe, Jews were a despised and persecuted minority. England, in fact, went beyond mere persecution and harassment by banning Jews from the country altogether. In theory at least, thereRead MoreRacial and Cultural P rejudice Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many themes woven into the play The Merchant of Venice, Prejudice being the most evident. This prejudice is mainly racial (against race) or cultural (against lifestyle, i.e. religion, culture†¦) and is one of the leading causes of conflict in the play. Prejudice towards Jews, prejudice towards Christians, and prejudice towards people of different colour and prejudice of others with different nationalities, are all present in the play. (transition) Here come another of the tribe: a thirdRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovely, rich girl of Belmont called PortiaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Merchant Of Venice 1918 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Analysis of T he Merchant of Venice Jordan Thomas Mullineaux-Davis William Shakespeare has regularly throughout time been referred to and could be viewed as anti-Semitic because of the cultural implications within many of his plays. A particularly strong example of this could be The Merchant of Venice. This essay will explore arguments of post-colonialism within The Merchant of Venice, discussing the pertinent issues of anti-semitism, racial isolation and prejudice. It will also commentRead MoreA Study of Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesA Study of Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice ‘The Merchant of Venice’ was written by Shakespeare in 1596 and appeals to both audiences of comedy and tragedy. The play features anti-Semitism which is a response to 1500’s Britain as well as other literature of the time. Anti-Semitism is the term used to describe discrimination towards Jews and Judaism. ‘The Merchant of Venice’ has received both positive and negative comments over the centuries and throughout thisRead MoreThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, there are two main themes, prejudice, and loyalty. Prejudice is the more evident theme and is shown in many different aspects through the characters and plot. Shylock and Antonio demonstrate religious discrimination between Christians and Jews. Portia and her suitors display racial discrimination. The aim of this essay is to discuss the theme of prejudiceRead MoreEssay on Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1092 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The main theme of the Merchant of Venice is of Shylock, a Jew, and Antonio, a Christian taking part in a deal involving the Jew lending the Christian a sum of money. The bond they make is that if Antonio cannot pay Shylock back, Shylock can take legally a pound of Antonios flesh as payment. The other plots in the play consist of Jessica, Shylocks daughter eloping with Lorenzo, another Christian and AntoniosRead MoreWas Shylock A Victim Or A Villain1719 Words   |  7 Pagessixteenth century play ËÅ"The Merchant of Venice, one of Shakespeares more popular comedies, is one that is portraying various peoples lives throughout Venice and Belmont. During the course of the play there is a concentration of thoughts and emotions towards the character Shylock, a Jewish usurer, this is the very character that we shall be concentrating the question in the title on. In most scenes the character Shylock has to deal with a lot of racial discrimination, which has at modern times becomeRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice Anti-Semite Essay2020 Words   |  9 PagesNowadays, many people consider the play â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† is one of the most problematic dramas written by Shakespeare because it promotes the prejudice against Jews or the ideology of anti-Semitism. In fact, the play depicts the villain as a devil, a usurer and a Jew who attempts to murder the good and godlike Chr istians for they have performed good will and mercy toward other people and ruined the Jew’s business. Whether it is his intention or not, Shakespeare chooses to create the imageRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Modern Humanitarianism1274 Words   |  6 PagescenterbModern Humanitarianism has run riot on Shylock. Discuss./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is concerned with two issues that were of importance in the Elizabethan Age: Jewry and Usury. It is generally assumed that the Elizabethan attitude to Jewry was hostile and that the execution of Roderigo Lopez in 1594 was characteristic of the Christian rejection of all ‘Jews, Turks, Infidels and Heretics, who were considered to be misbelievers. But this could also be a false assumption

Planning Vacation Free Essays

Krista Curtis Professor: Shelley St. Ange-Sheldon Essay: Problem Solving April 7th, 2013 Vacation time â€Å"A penny saved is a penny earned. † â€Å"A job worth doing is worth doing right. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning Vacation or any similar topic only for you Order Now † We apply both of these sayings to the working world all of the time. Why not apply them to our vacationing world as well? Like most people, I look forward to a vacation, but planning it can become overwhelming if you’re not prepared. Planning a vacation should be fun and exciting. Vacationing is not always a priority to many families due to economic distress, but as little as a few hundred dollars you can plan a weekend getaway that’s inexpensive but a lot of fun! Figuring out what you’re interested in is a major factor in your planning. Not everyone is into car shows, bike rallies or the typical Disney vacation. Don’t overlook major cities. Metropolitan areas like Jamestown, Norfolk, and Washington, D. C. offer families a variety of cultural and historical events that are child-friendly as well as interesting for adults. Look for destinations with sights, sounds, and adventures that match with your kids’ interests like sports, theatre, art, history or architecture and choose a place that offers something for each one of your family member. First I would like to mention which states we would like to visit as a family, secondly I will discuss my finances and other requirements that best suit my family, and finally I would like discuss which state that I feel best meets those requirements. How to cite Planning Vacation, Papers

Me Gusta Me Gusta by Los Buitres free essay sample

Me Gusta Me Gusta by Los Buitres. It’s a Spanish love song. This song is about this guy who loves everything about this one particular girl. He loves everything about her. He loves her hands, her body, her clothes, her smile, her laugh, her skin, her everything. He thinks she’s the â€Å"perfect† one for him; he’ll give his life just for her..she is his life. And he just wants to let the girl know that he likes her. When it says: Ayyy me gusta me gusta me gusta Me gusta me gusta me gusta andar contigo Salir contigo y vivir contigo Dormir contigo y Sonar contigo Translation: I Like; I like; I like; I like; I like; I like being with you Going out with you and living with you Sleep with you and dream with you Like I said in the beginning; this guy likes everything about this girl and like doing everything with this girl. We will write a custom essay sample on Me Gusta Me Gusta by Los Buitres or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am a really BIG fan of this song. Every time I hear just have to bump up the volume and sing along. This song puts people in a good mood because it talks about love and loving that special someone in your life.

Financial Analysis for Jack in the Box Inc.

Financial Analysis for Jack in the Box Inc. Introduction The financial statements do not provide a comprehensive overview of the financial performance of the company. Therefore, it is important to use several techniques to evaluate the financial performance of the company. An example of such a technique is ratio analysis. Ratio analysis enables the stakeholders to evaluate the profitability, liquidity, and solvency of the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Analysis for Jack in the Box Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, ratios provide a common base for comparing the performance of the company with other companies in the same industry. This guides the stakeholders in making decisions that relate to their association with the company. The treatise provides an analysis of the information presented in the balance sheet. It also carried out ratio analysis. Current assets The current assets in the balance sheet should be arranged in the or der of liquidity. This implies that the most liquid asset should be recorded first. In most cases, cash will be the first item because it is the most liquid. The balance sheet of Jack in the Box Inc. follows this order. The most liquid item that is, cash and cash equivalent is first in the list while the last item is other current assets. The balance sheet can also be prepared in order of permanence. In this case, the non-current assets will be first in the list followed by current assets arranged in order of permanence. The value of current assets declined from $231,181 in 2012 to $175,429 in 2013. The decrease amounted to $55,752. Total assets The company classifies the assets into current assets and records the non-current assets in separate lines for each of the items. Therefore, the current assets are listed and a total of the current assets is provided. The other assets that are listed on separate lines are property and equipment (at cost, accumulated depreciation and net book value), goodwill, and other assets. The total assets amounted to $1,463,725 for the year 2012 and $1,360,418 for the year 2013. Therefore, there was a decline in the value of total assets by $103,307. Cash equivalents Cash equivalents are investment securities that have low risk and low return. These securities are extremely liquid, they are short-term and have a great credit quality. The examples of these securities are corporate commercial paper, Treasury bills, and certificates of deposits. Current liabilities The reported amount of current liabilities at the end of the year 2013 was made up of current maturities of long-term debt ($20,931), accounts payable ($26,594), and accrued liabilities ($169,792). The total current liabilities at the end of that period amounted to $217,317. Further, the items that made up current liabilities for the year 2012 were current maturities of long-term debt ($15,952), accounts payable ($94,713), and accrued liabilities ($164,637). Thus, the tota l current liabilities at the end of the year 2012 amounted to $275,302. Therefore, it can be noted that there was a decline in the amount of current liabilities by $57,985.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Usefulness of the balances reported Analysis of current assets, total assets and current liabilities of the company is an important aspect to a potential investors, creditors and employees. The current assets and current liabilities give information on the working capital financing policy used by the company. It also provides information on the liquidity of the company. For example, the value of current liabilities exceeded the value of current assets. This shows that the company is experiencing problems in paying current liabilities. It may also imply that the company is using an aggressive working capital financing policy. This may not be a good indication to in vestors, creditors and employees. The value of total assets gives information on the asset base of the company. Growth in the value of total assets shows that the company is experiencing growth in performance. However, a decline in the amount of total assets does not provide a favorable sign to the potential investors, creditors and employees. Calculation of ratios The table presented below shows the calculation of ratios. The end year values will be used in the calculation. Ratios 2013 2012 Liquidity Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities 175,429 / 217,317 0.8072 231,181 / 275,302 0.8397 Quick ratio (Current assets – inventory) / current liabilities (175,429 – 8,203) / 217,317 0.7695 (231,181 – 7,752) / 275,302 0.8116 Receivables turnover Credit sales / accounts receivables 1,151,886 / 41,972 27.44 1,160,397 / 78,798 14.73 Inventory turnover Cost of sales / inventory 1,151,886 / 8,203 140.42 1,160,397 / 7,752 149.69 Profitability ra tios Asset turnover Sales / total assets 1,151,886 / 1,489,407 0.7734 1,160,397 / 1,529,650 0.7586 Profit margin Net profit / revenue 28,324 / 1,151,886 2.46% 45,174 / 1,160,397 3.89% Return on assets Net profit / total assets 28,324 / 1,489,407 1.90% 45,174 / 1,529,650 2.95% Return on common stockholder’s equity Net profit / shareholder’s equity 28,324 / 417,231 6.79% 45,174 / 411,945 10.97% Solvency ratios Debt to total assets Total debt / total assets (359,514 + 20,931) / 1,489,407 0.2554 (405,276 + 15,952) / 1,529,650 0.2754 Times interest earned Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) / interest expense 101,506 / 12,061 8.4161 times 89,704 / 14,962 5.9955 times Interpretation of ratios Liquidity The current ratio declined from 0.8397 in 2012 to 0.8072 in 2013 while the quick ratio declined from 0.8116 in 2012 to 0.7695 in 2013. The decline is not a good indication and it may discourage the debt providers, creditors and investors. It shows th at the company is facing problems in paying debts. Besides, it shows that the current assets cannot adequately cover current liabilities. Receivables turnover increased from 14.73 in 2012 to 27.44. The ratio shows an improvement in efficiency because the company can collect debt within a shorter period of time. The inventory turnover ratio declined from 149.69 in 2012 to 140.42 in 2013. The decline is not a good sign because it shows a reduction in the movement of stock. A supplier, debtor, debt provider, and an investor will be interested in these ratios because they measure the efficiency and management of liquidity. Profitability The asset turnover ratio declined from 0.7586 in 2012 to 0.7734 in 2013. The increase was attributed to a decline in the value of total asset. It shows that the amount of sales generated per unit of total assets increased. The profit margin declined from 3.89% in 2012 to 2.46% in 2013. The decline implies that the profitability reduced. It shows that the company is not efficient in managing pricing and the cost of running the business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Analysis for Jack in the Box Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, return on assets declined from 2.95% in 2012 to 1.90% in 2013. This shows a decline in the ability of the company to generate sales from the assets available. Finally, the return on shareholder’s equity declined from 10.97% in 2012 to 6.79% in 2013. This shows a decline in efficiency of the company in using the capital provided by shareholders to generate profit. Profitability ratios are important to all the users these are, debtors, supplier, investors, employees, government, investors, community, and debtor providers. Solvency The debt to asset ratio provides information on the leverage level of the company. The ratio declined from 0.2754 in 2012 to 0.2554 in 2013. This shows a decline in leverage. A potentia l investor and a debt provider will be interested in this ratio because it gives information on the leverage risk of the company. A low ratio implies that the company has a low level of leverage risk and this will attract investors. The times interest earned ratio measures the number of times the interest expense can be paid from EBIT. The ratio increased from 5.9955 times in 2012 to 8.4161 times in 2013. The increase can be attributed to an increase in profitability and a decline in interest expense. A potential investor and a debt provider will be interested in this ratio because it measures the solvency of the company. Conclusion The discussion above shows that the company experienced a decline in performance in the year 2013. First, the company reported a decline in total assets and current liabilities. It implies that the overall financial position of the company declined. Secondly, the liquidity ratios reveal that the company is experiencing problems in paying current obligati ons. Thirdly, the profitability ratios show that there was a decline in profitability in 2013. Finally, the leverage level and solvency of the company improved because the amount of debt reduced. Therefore, it can be concluded that the overall financial position of the company declined in 2013.

Definition of Social Distance in Psychology

Definition of Social Distance in Psychology Social distance is a measure of social separation between groups caused by perceived or real differences between groups of people as defined by well-known social categories. It manifests across a variety of social categories, including class, race and ethnicity, culture, nationality, religion, gender and sexuality, and age, among others. Sociologists recognize three key types of social distance: affective, normative, and interactive. They study it through a variety of research methods, including  ethnography and participant observation, surveys, interviews, and daily route mapping, among other techniques. Affective Social Distance Affective social distance is probably the most widely known type  and the one  that is the cause of great concern among sociologists. Affective social distance was defined by Emory Bogardus, who created the Bogardus Social Distance Scale for measuring it. Affective social distance refers to the degree to which a person from one group feels sympathy or empathy for persons from other groups. The scale of measurement created by Bogardus measures this by establishing the willingness of a person to interact with people from other groups.  For example, an unwillingness to live next door to a family of a different race would indicate a high degree of social distance. On the other hand, willingness to marry a person of a different race would indicate a very low degree of social distance. Affective social distance is a cause of concern among sociologists because it is known to foster prejudice, bias, hatred, and even violence. Affective social distance between Nazi sympathizers and European Jews was a significant component of the ideology that supported the Holocaust. Today, affective social distance fuels politically motivated hate crimes and school bullying among some supporters of President Donald Trump  and seem to have created the conditions for his election to the presidency, given that support for Trump was concentrated among white people. Normative Social Distance Normative social distance is the kind of difference we perceive between ourselves as members of groups and others who are not members of the same groups. It is the distinction we make between us and them, or  between insider and outsider. Normative social distance is not necessary judgmental in nature. Rather, it can simply signal that a person recognizes differences between herself and others whose race, class, gender, sexuality, or nationality may differ from her own. Sociologists consider this form of social distance to be important  because it is necessary to first recognize a difference in order to then see and understand how difference shapes the experiences and life trajectories of those who differ from ourselves. Sociologists believe that recognition of difference in this way should inform social policy so that it is crafted to serve all citizens  and not just those who are in the majority. Interactive Social Distance Interactive social distance is a way of describing the extent to which different groups of people interact with each other, in terms of both frequency and intensity of interaction. By this measure, the more different groups interact, the closer they are socially. They less they interact, the greater the interactive social distance is between them. Sociologists who operate using social network theory pay attention to interactive social distance and measure it as the strength of social ties. Sociologists recognize that these three types of social distance are not mutually exclusive and do not necessarily overlap. Groups of people may be close in one sense, say, in terms of interactive social distance, but far from another, like in affective social distance. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Nurse Staffing Issues and Patient Care Quality Essay

Nurse Staffing Issues and Patient Care Quality - Essay Example From the paper it is clear that there are various factors which have contributed to reduced staffing levels in nursing. The nationwide gap between the number of available positions and the registered nurses qualified and willing to fill them is increasing. The needs of today’s higher acuity patients for more care contributes to the staffing crisis. As the research stresses poor remuneration of registered nurses have prompted most of them to practice in the private sector and neglect the public sector which serves majority of people in the population. Patients’ higher acuity calls for skilled nurses who can give them specialized care they need. The number of qualified nurses to give such care is small contributing to the gap. In policy making, there is a misconceived perception that hiring fewer nurses can reduce the costs and increase profitability in the health care sector. However, increasing the nursing staff in a hospital leads to higher quality patient care and hence increased profits. Adequate staffing and balanced workloads are central to achieving good outcomes in nursing. The problems associated with inadequate staffing of nurses include heavy workload leading to burn out and hence poor health care delivery. Adverse events such as nosocomial infections, shock and failure to rescue patients needing intensive care are some of the problems associated with inadequate nurse staffing in hospitals.

Taxtion Profect Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Taxtion Profect - Literature review Example However, the impact of tax travels to the end consumer in a VAT scheme much like other taxation systems since goods and services providers tend to move the taxed amount to the end consumer’s final price receipt (Ebrill et al., 2001). VAT Implementation in the United Kingdom VAT is not a new concept to the United Kingdom (UK) and was in place before the UK signed up for the European Union. The initial implementation of VAT in the UK dates back to 1973 when it was introduced by the national government as an entry condition to join the European Union (EU) (Warren, 1993) (IFS, 2009). VAT is not levied universally on all goods and services in the UK. Instead, VAT is applicable to certain goods and services at varying rates in the UK. Directives concerning the amount of VAT and its application to goods and services are provided both by the UK government and certain EU rules and guidelines. Moreover, VAT rates tend to vary for certain goods imported from outside the EU (HMRC, 2013). VAT Rates Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) provides for three different VAT rates that are classified as (HMRC, 2013): Standard 20% Reduced 5% Zero 0% Standard VAT rates apply to most goods and services consumed in the UK while reduced rates apply to certain items such as fuels, energy savers, power items etc. On the other hand, zero rates apply to certain other items such as certain food items, public transportation, books, children’s clothes etc. (HMRC, 2013). It must be kept in mind that zero rate VAT items are differentiated from items exempted from VAT. Any items that are exempt from VAT cannot have VAT based taxed applied to them under the law such as on insurance, charitable fundraising, life saving services etc. In contrast, zero rate VAT items are taxable but are charged for at 0%. The retailer may lodge a reclaim with the HRMC for zero rate VAT items but not for VAT exempt items (HMRC, 2013). In addition, VAT law provided by the EU mandates that the m inimum standard rate for EU members has to be 15%. Member states are also allowed to apply a maximum of two different reduced rates that should be at least 5% on certain goods (European Commission, 2006). Moreover, any changes in VAT especially changes concerning decreased VAT rates must be approved by the EU alone (Victor, 2010). Regional Comparisons VAT is applicable throughout the EU and certain member states exhibit exceptionally high VAT rates. Regional comparisons of VAT rates are presented in the table provided below. Table 1 - VAT regional comparison sourced from (Victor, 2010) Country VAT Rate (%) UK 20 Denmark 25 Hungary 25 Sweden 25 Iceland 25.5 Criticisms against VAT VAT is collected at each value addition stage in the provision of goods and services so ideally VAT’s burden should be borne by these stages and their stewards. However, practically VAT banks on the end consumer much like other forms of taxation. This tends to make VAT just as cumbersome for the avera ge consumer as other forms of taxation. In addition, it has been argued that VAT is essentially a regressive form of taxation though proponents of VAT consider it as progressive. The graph presented below presents how different taxes on consumers in the UK tend to vary by the income quartiles. Figure 1 - Tax composiitons and their differences according to income groups in the UK sourced from (Murphy, 2010) Tax collection through VAT is generally lower than expected

Sensorimotor Loss And Hemiplegia Health And Social Care Essay

Sensorimotor Loss And Hemiplegia Health And Social Care Essay Captain Scarlet and Captain Blue were working in the intelligence section of Cloud-base when there was a terrorist attack by the Mysterons. A bomb exploded causing the ceiling to collapse trapping both of them under the rubble. Captain Scarlet escaped with only minor injuries but Captain Blue was struck across the shoulders by masonry and piping, which pinned him down. It took several hours to dig him out and when he has pulled free he was unable to move his arms or legs. When he arrived at the Cloud-base hospital, he complained of his inability to move and of shooting/burning pains in both arms. Neurological examination revealed a left hemiplegia and right hemiparesis with a Babinski sign present bilaterally. Pain sensation was lost from the right shoulder downwards. Bladder, bowel and genital reflexes were also absent. X-rays of the cervico- thoracic region were taken and subsequently he underwent surgery to remove bone fragments and to stabilise the cervical spine. A month later, movement of the right arm and leg had improved. Two months after surgery, movement in the right hand had improved further but there was no voluntary movement on the left. Fasciculation of the left deltoid muscle was found together with spasticity of the left arm and leg, with clonus at the ankle. A Babinski sign remained on the left side. Joint position sense was present on both sides but pain sensation was absent on the medial right aspect of the upper right arm, right side of the thorax, abdomen and whole right lower limb. Despite reassurances from his Colonel that his condition will improve further, Captain Blue feels that he will never physically recover from his injuries. Organisation of spinal cord In its own definition of spinal cord, Oxford medical dictionary states: The portion of the central nervous system enclosed in the vertebral column, consisting of nerve cells and bundles of nerves connecting all parts of the body together(1). Spinal cord is divided into 2 regions: The white matter: It contains the axons of the neurons that make up the descending and ascending tracts responsible for the communication of the spinal cord with the brain. The white matter can be split into the dorsal, the ventral and the lateral funiculous as seen in Figure 1. The White matter contains the following four pathways that are essential for the scenario and that will be further discussed in the next objective. Each tract carries a specific modality (types of sensation) in the brain. The position of each tract in the white matter is seen in Figure 2. Dorsal column medial lemniscus tract (DCML): It is responsible for conscious proprioreception and discriminative touch. It is split into the gracile and the cuneate fasiculi which carry these modalities from the lower and upper limbs respectively. Spinothalamic tract(STT): It is responsible for the pain and temperature sensation. Spinocerebellar tract (SCT): It is responsible for the unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum which controls the co-ordination of movements. The above are ascending pathways i.e. they send information from the spinal cord to the brain. The following is a descending pathway: Corticospinal tract (CST): It is responsible for sending information to the spinal cord for controlling voluntary movements of the lower and upper limbs. Figure 1 Spinal cord transection (2) The Grey matter: It mainly consists of neural cell bodies and glial cells. Ten different layers of grey matter called laminae can be distinguished. it is further divided into 3 or 4 regions (depending on the level of the spinal cord) each containing several laminae as seen in Figure 2: Superficial dorsal horn: It consists of laminae I-II and receives information from nociceptors about pain and temperature from Ac and ÃŽÂ ´ sensory fibers. Deep dorsal horn: It consists of laminae III-VI which receive information for touch and conscious proprioreception from the low threshold mechanoreceptors form IÃŽÂ ² sensory fibers. Lateral horn: This can be found in the spinal levels T1-L2 and is responsible for the autonomic control as it contains cell bodies of autonomic preganglionic fibers. Ventral horn: It consists of laminae VII-IX and contains the cell bodies for ÃŽÂ ±-motor neurons that innervate the muscles, as well as here the muscle afferents terminate. Figure 2 Organisation of spinal cord (3) Organisation of pathways in Spinal cord Each of the four pathways mentioned above will now be described: Dorsal Column Medial Lemnsicus pathway (4): Figure 4 DCML tract (3) The Information from the cuteneous mechanoreceptors travel through IÃŽÂ ² fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and innervate the dorsal column nuclei. The Axons ascend ipsilaterally the spinal cord. They decussate in the medulla and ascend through medial lemniscuses to the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Then they travel through the internal capsule to the primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrous. Spinothalamic tract (5) Figure 5 STT tract (3) It conveys information such as pain and temperature from nociceptors through C and AÃŽÂ ´ fibers to the laminae I-II of the dorsal horn. The axons decussate in the grey commisure of the spinal cord one or two segments above the point of entry. 2ndary axons ascend in the lateral lemniscus of the spinal cord and innervate the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. 3rd order axons travel through the internal capsule to primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrous. Spinocerebellar tract (6) Figure 6 STT tract (7) It conveys information for unconscious proprioception from the muscle mechanoreceptors and through IÃŽÂ ² fibers in the deep dorsal horn. The axons ascend in the dorsal columns and innervate the Clarkes columns. This pathway does not decussate. The axons enter the cerebellum through the inferior pudencle. Corticospinal tract (8) Figure 7 STT tract (3) It curries information from the primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrous to the ventral horns of the spinal cord and from there through ÃŽÂ ±- motor neurons to the muscles. The axons from the pre-central gyrous pass through the internal capsule and decussate at the spino-medullary junction to form the pyramidal tract. From there they descend in the lateral corticospinal tract to innervate ÃŽÂ ±-motor neurons nuclei in the ventral horn. ÃŽÂ ±-motor neurons travel in the body and innervate the muscles. Explain the symptoms Diagnosis Below are listed and explained the symptoms caused by the spinal injury giving a possible diagnosis at the end. The symptoms of Captain Blue are due to the damage of the spinal cord caused by the vertebrae bone fragments. Symptoms Explanation Initial inability to move and shooting pains in both arms These are due to the spinal shock (9). This causes temporarily loss of function of the whole spinal cord. As a result, there is a loss of ability of voluntary control to all body giving the impression of muscle flaccid paralysis. Also there is loss of sensation and in this case there is a shooting pain in both arms. The spinal shock usually starts to face off in one day and gradually the reflexes, the control of movement and the sensation in the undamaged part are gained back. Babinski sign bilaterally. Clonus in the ankle and spasticity of the left arm and leg The Babinski reflex is a polysynaptic reflex evoked when there is nocturnous stimuli on the sole of the foot. The normal Babinski reflex causes withdrawal of the foot with adduction and flexion of the toes. An abnormal Babinski sign is one that shows abduction and extension of the toes of the foot when the foot is withdrawn. In neonates it is normal to show an abnormal Babinski reflex as their corticospinal tract has not yet matured (10). Clonus is a series of contraction when the muscle is stretched. Spastisity is increased muscle tone. All the above are indicators of an upper motor neuron lesion and indicate a possible damage on the corticospinal tracts of the spinal cord. Fasciculations Fasciculations are spontaneous, involuntary muscle contractions that can be seen below the skin. These are due to spontaneous firing of damaged ÃŽÂ ±-motor neurons. These are caused by the damage on the ventral horn where the ÃŽÂ ±-motor neurons synapse with the descending tracts. Left hemiplegia and right hemiparesis. After two months right hand movements are improved. Hemiplegia is the complete inability of the voluntary movement of the one side of the body whereas hemiparesis is the weakness in movement. As concluded above there is damage in the CST of the spinal cord. This causes ipsilateral loss of movement below the level of lesion. Left hemiplegia indicates that there is a lesion on the left side of the spinal cord as the CST decussates in the medulla. The right hemiparesis is due to the initial spinal shock. Pain sensation lost from the right shoulder downwards The loss of sensation indicates damage of the spinothalamic tract. The loss of sensation is on the right side as the lesion is on the left part of the spinal cord. This is due to the fact that STT decussates in the spinal cord. The level of loss of pain sensation is an indicator of the possible level of lesion. The shoulder region is innervated by the C5 level. Therefore, this is probably the level of injury. Bladder, bowel and genital reflexes were absent Bladder, bowel and genital reflexes are autonomic reflexes controlled by the brain. In the lateral horn of thoracolumbar and sacral levels, autonomic preganglionic fibers originate and innervate the organs. In more detail, parasympathetic activity in men is responsible for arousal whereas sympathetic activity is necessary for ejaculation and orgasm. Autonomic activity in bowel and bladders controls the muscles responsible for defecation and dieresis respectively. A lesion in the spinal cord can damage the pathway and result in incontinence of bladder and impotency for men. Joint position sense was present on both sides but pain sensation was absent on the medial right aspect of the right arm, right thorax, abdomen right lower limb. Information for joint position is ascending to the brain through the DCML tract. This means that this pathway is not damaged. On the other hand as explained above, pain sensation travels in the CTT which is damaged. In Figure 8, there is a body map showing the area affected as far as motor movement is concerned (solid brown area), and the area of impaired sensation. On the right, is the area of damage at the C5 level resulting in the symptoms on the left. Taking everything into concern, all the complications indicate a lesion on the left side on C5 level of the spinal cord due to injury from the bone fragments. The structures damaged are: DCML pathway and STT Part of the ventral horn Figure 8 Captains Blue Symptoms body map and lesion of spinal cord Spinal cord injuries Spinal cord injuries can occur due to trauma, infections, ischemia and other diseases. In this case the trauma was indirectly caused by bone due to vertebrae fracture. There are also direct traumas such as in stab wounds. Damage is firstly caused due to hemorrhaging and compression of the spinal cord. The secondary complications such as hypoxia and ischemia that occur over a longer period can also cause further damage. After the initial physical damage to the spinal cord, apoptosis of the glial cells and demyelination occur. Inflammatory cells infiltrate the spinal cord and contribute to the scaring and the inhibition of the axon growth. The injury may expand to other segments and cause grater complications (syringomyelia). Figure 9 shows a cervical spinal cord following an injury. Figure 9 Spinal cord after injury (11) Figure 10 ASIA categories for spinal cord injuries (12) Spinal cord injuries can be classified with ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) in Asia A, B, C, D categories. Figure 10, adapted from ASIA official website, shows the characteristics of each category. Treatment Prognosis The treatment for spinal cord injuries is very complex. However, even with the best treatment, regeneration of nerves and complete regaining of functions is unlikely. The treatment mainly concerns the reduction and minimization of the damage and fights the complications caused by the injury (13). The primary line of treatment is to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord and eliminate the cause of the damage. In this case Captain Blue undergoes surgery to remove the bone fragments. The second line of treatment involves the reduction of the inflammatory response responsible for further damage. The prescription of corticosteroids helps with the anti-inflammatory effects, the reduction of the glial scar formation and the CNS cell death. Furthermore, doctors must work against problems caused by the loss of movement such as urinary infection, wasting of muscles or formation of blood clots. As a result, exercises to improve bowel and bladder function and lifestyle tips to reduce the possibility of clot formation are given. Physiotherapy is the route to avoid muscle waste. Occupational therapy is needed for the patient to learn to live with his immobility. A range of non medical specialists such as dieticians, psychologists and social workers are also needed. The prognosis for CNS damage is very poor. Regeneration of the nerves in the CNS is difficult due to: Glial scar formation. Release of inhibitory substances that oppose axon growth and remyelination. However, new techniques such as electrical stimulation of the nerves with electrical devices can be used in the future to gain muscle function. Stem cells are also a promising future. Presently the most helpful and accessible way to overcome the disabilities caused by spinal cord injuries is the wheelchair with electronic devices that can be used for communication, movement and a variety of other daily jobs.

Propolis

Introduction : Propolis is a glue-like resinous material that collected and processed by the bees (honeybees) from various sources of flowers, leaves, and other plants. It is a heterogeneous mixture consist of many compounds which is taken and converted then utilized by bees in sealing their honeycombs holes, smoothing the internal parts of the combs, and providing protection to their residence against invaders. Recent studies which have been conducted on the propolis, showed that the propolis is a mixture of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid), polyphenols , flavonoids , Easters and various types of fatty acids, amino acids, alcohol, steroids, Caffeic acid, CAPE, quercitin , carbohydrates and many other substances that forms the propolis. Its composition may differ due to the difference of the source which is collected from. The differences in their chemical composition may affect the biological activities and may also cause some diversity although the properties are almost similar in all of it. Propolis has an interest according to its properties which make it unique. It might be used in therapeutic aspects such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, antiviral and antibacterial activities and also radioprotective properties. Propolis has anti-cancer or anti-tumor factors. It has been reported by many studies which noticed that propolis inhibits cancer cells growth and metastasis by stimulating the apoptosis and the immune system. Apoptosis is the mechanism of destroying and eliminating the Abnormal cells that includes cancer cells. This attribute may prevent the side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used in the treating cancer but in the same time they damage other organs and may cause other diseases or undesired effects. The only disadvantage of natural anti-cancer is the rate of activity which is faster in chemo and radiotherapy . Also, it has Anti-oxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids which inhibits the lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and quercetin which is the most potent radical scavenger. Free radical scavengers may prevent the free radicals reactive species from being formed, or remove them before they can harmfully affect the components of the cell. In addition to these properties, it also has antibacterial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects that make propolis the focus of attention of many scientists. Cancer (malignant tumor) is an abnormal growth of cells due to either presence of mutation in DNA or inhibiting in the tumor suppressors ( one of the checkpoints on the cell cycle ) which leads to fast growth of cancer cells, invading the organs, and destroying the adjacent cells to get the nutrition. Cancer may occur in any part of the lungs and causes damage to the lung and may lead to death . Lung cancer may be hereditary or acquired by many factors, for example, smoking cigarettes, asbestos and breathing carcinogens chemicals. However, the main causes of other types of cancers are still unknown yet.

Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar - 1406 Words

AMBEDKARISM IS NONE OTHER THAN MODERNISM R. Kumara Swamy Asst. Prof. of English K L University Vaddeswaram Guntur Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT:: Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar was one to raise his voice for Dalit cause who brought out a social revolution through Dalit literature after 1960s and through the establishment of a social organization based on his principles. The Maher movement of Maharastra has been seen as all India Movement under the leadership of B.R. Ambedkar. Ambedkarism protested against the established unjust social order. It exposes the sufferings, frustration and torture imposed on them and their revolt against this inhuman treatment called modernism. Ambedkar, as a modernist with western thought emerged as a leader of the oppressed communities. As he was highly educated, he tried to transform the Indian Hindu society. He put all his efforts to eradicate the evils of caste system and untouchablity of Indian society. He rose his voice for the cause of the down-trodden, and degraded people of the society. His vast contribution for the up gradation of the Dalits of India is uncalculated and immeasurable. Without Ambedkar one cannot imagine the Indian constitution. He hoped for a casteless modern society which treats all people in equal manner, irrespective of caste and creed, race and religion. The down-trodden people who lived away from the main villages suffered for generations from the social evils of caste system. He put forward all his modernShow MoreRelatedExploitation of Teenagers as Reflected in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable and Coolie4079 Words   |  17 Pageswhich we will have to adjust itself. He believes that there are only two communities 1.Abuser and 2. Abused people. Then Came Lenin Vladimir, a Russian  Marxist  revolutionary and then Stalin came with his own revolutionary thoughts. In India, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar, came into the form of semi-God figure, worshipped by the down-trodden people and untouchables of India. He enriched the lives of exploiting caste by awareness, revolution and by granted them the basic human rights. Gandhiji also completely

Political Parties During The Civil War - 2015 Words

Political parties play an important role on how the government makes decisions. In American history there are usually two major political parties at one time. These parties can be split up into two groups of beliefs for a party, Conservative and Liberal. The first form of political parties was formed during the refining of the constitution from the Articles of Confederation. These two parties are the Federalists and the anti-federalists. The next political party is the Democratic republicans who appeared during the later time of the time of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The final appearance of different political parties happened during the Antebellum period before the Civil War. Political parties are a major part of American history because depending on the views and the party holding congress and the presidency it can affect what changes and how much is done during that time. The first major political party is the Federalists party. The Federalist party was one of the first major political parties. The Federalists party consist of many of the people who supported the stronger central government such as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. The major conflicting party of this time is the Anti-Federalist. The Major conflict of this time is was the U.S Constitution. The Federalist had the Major advantage of being well funded and have the most information being sent out to the public. As it is said on U.S.history.org, â€Å"The Federalists had more than anShow MoreRelatedThe Political Issues That Dominatedu.s Politics847 Words   |  4 PagesThe political issues that dominated U.S politics in the 1850’s was the Compromise of 1850, The Fugitive Slave Act, and popular sovereignty, dominated U.S politics. Conflicts between southern states and northern states affected U.S society because of equality, race, class, and unity between the states. 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This gives the powerRead MoreThe Second American Revolution901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clearRead MorePolitical Causes of the Civil War1130 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Americas 1 10/25/13 Pd. 1B â€Å"The Civil War in the Unites States was caused by Political Disagreements.† To what extent do you agree with this statement? In modern day politics, it seems that legal agreements cannot be made on any new policies or beliefs. Similarly in the 1800s pre- Civil War era the political situation was constantly changing around the belief of slavery and, in theory, was a leading cause of the Civil War itself. The political issues that formed tension between the North